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Case Report
Case of isolated extranodal relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland after years of complete remission: A rare presentation
1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
2 MD, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Michael Achram
Beirut,
Lebanon
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Article ID: 100152Z10MA2026
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Achram M, Yazbek J. Case of isolated extranodal relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland after years of complete remission: A rare presentation. J Case Rep Images Oncology 2026;12(1):1–4.ABSTRACT
Introduction: Extranodal recurrence of lymphoma is a phenomenon occurring most commonly within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), and skin. Isolated involvement of the thyroid gland is rare and can be mistaken for other conditions such as an inflammatory process without the proper clinical setting.
Case Report: A 64-year-old female patient with a history of lymphoma which was in complete remission for more than a decade presented with a palpable cervical mass. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland without the presence of pathological lymph nodes throughout the body. During the following weeks, the thyroid gland underwent a rapid increase in size causing severe narrowing of the airways which was confirmed by pathology to be due to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma recurrence within the thyroid gland.
Conclusion: A thorough understanding of the patient’s clinical history is crucial for accurate diagnosis, even in rare conditions, and helps prevent delayed initiation of appropriate management.
Keywords: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, DLBCL, Extranodal lymphoma, Isolated recurrence, Thyroid lymphoma
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Author Contributions
Michael Achram - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Joe Yazbek - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2026 Michael Achram et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
